The Terter or Terteroba ( Bulgarian and Russian : Тертер-оба, Тертровичи ) [ 1 ] was a Cuman–Kipchak tribe or clan that took refuge in Hungary and then Bulgaria in the mid-13th century and may have produced the Terter dynasty that eventually ruled Bulgaria. According to Pritsak , Terter is derived from a tributary of the Kura River in the Southern Caucasus . Peter Golden considers this a conjecture which, while possible, does not seem to be in keeping with most other Cuman-Kipchak names in which geographical referents are usually absent. The Qangli may be an exception. [ 2 ] In the Russian annals, they were known as Ter'trobiči. In Arabic, they may have been called Durut . [ 3 ] Golden etymologizes terter < teriter < terit- "to sweat". [ 4 ] It has been claimed that khan Köten ( fl. 1223–39) belonged to the Terter. During the Mongol invasion, the surviving Cuman–Kipchak tribes sought refuge in the Kingdom of Hungary (1238). These adopted Christianity in return for protection. [ 5 ] According to Hungarian sources, these tribes included the Chertan, Ulasoba, Burcoba (Burčeviči), Kolaba (Kolabiči) and Terteroba, the latter which was Köten's family. [ 6 ] According to Plamen Pavlov the Terter dynasty was a branch of the Terteroba who had settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. [ 7 ] ↑ А. А Арсланова (2002). Древнетюркский мир: история и традиции . Ин-т истории АН РТ. ISBN 978-5-94981-011-8 . ↑ Peter B. Golden (2003). Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs . Ashgate. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-86078-885-0 . ↑ Florin Curta; Roman Kovalev (2008). “The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans ; [ papers ... Presented in the Three Special Sessions at the 40th and 42nd Editions of the International Congress on Medieval Studies Held at Kalamazzo in 2005 and 2007 ] . BRILL. pp. 403–. ISBN 90-04-16389-1 . ↑ Clauson. ED . p. 536; cited in Golden, Peter B. (1995–1997) Cumanica IV: The Cumano-Qıpčaq Clans and Tribes . Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 9. p. 119

↑ James Louis Garvin; Franklin Henry Hooper; Warren E. Cox (1929). The Encyclopædia Britannica . The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, ltd. ↑ Murat Ocak (2002). The Turks: Early ages . Yeni Türkiye. ↑ Павлов, Пламен (2005). " "Авантюристът-скит" Алдимир и Теодор Светослав" . Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet. 13th century in Bulgaria 13th century in Hungary Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Russian-language text CS1 Bulgarian-language sources (bg)