ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PROTEIN CLASSES PROTEIN EVIDENCE EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS DOWNLOADABLE DATA PUBLICATION DATA RELEASE HISTORY ANTIBODY AVAILABILITY PRIVACY STATEMENT LICENCE & CITATION This resource of the Human Protein Atlas focuses on the expression profiles in human tissues of genes both on the mRNA and protein level. The protein expression data from 45 normal human tissue types is derived from antibody-based protein profiling using conventional and multiplex immunohistochemistry. All underlying images of immunohistochemistry stained normal tissues are available together with knowledge-based annotation of protein expression levels. The protein data covers 15312 genes (76%) for which there are available antibodies. In addition, mass spectrometry-based proteomics data is available for 20 tissues. The mRNA expression data is derived from deep sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq) from 51 different normal tissue types. More information about the specific content and the generation and analysis of the data in the resource can be found on the Methods Summary . protein localization in tissues at a single-cell level (antibody-based profiling) protein detection in tissues (MS-based proteomics) if a gene is enriched in a particular tissue (RNA specificity) which genes have a similar expression profile across tissues (expression cluster) The hexagons are clickable and redirect to the corresponding page describing the protein expression characterized by the antibody panel(s). The Tissue resource has implemented a novel protocol for studying protein localization in single-cell types, cell states and subcellular structures in human tissue samples, utilizing multiplex immunohistochemistry-based fluorescence imaging. With the help of single-cell transcriptomics and an iterative staining-stripping method, 8 antibody panels have been developed to profile 9 different tissues. In version 25.1, 1106 proteins have been analyzed using multiplex tissue profiling. More information about the generation of the multiplex tissue profiling data can be found on the Methods page .

Tissues and organs are divided into groups according to functional features they have in common. Each tissue name is clickable and redirects to the selected proteome. If you hold your mouse over a symbol, the corresponding organ will be highlighted in the human figure. The colored bars represent number of genes with elevated expression in the associated tissue divided into tissue enriched (red), group enriched (orange) or tissue enhanced (purple) categories according to the transcriptomics based specificity classification . Mouse-over reveals the number of genes in each of the three categories. The length of the bars visualizes the number of elevated genes in each tissue compared to the tissue with the maximum amount of elevated genes (brain). The expression for all protein-coding genes in all major tissues and organs in the human body can be explored in this interactive database, including numerous catalogs of proteins expressed in a tissue-restricted manner. Based on transcriptomics analysis across all major organs and tissue types in the human body, all putative 20162 protein coding genes have been classified with regard to abundance and distribution of transcribed mRNA molecules, including 11035 proteins showing a significantly elevated level of expression in a particular tissue or a group of related tissues and 8813 proteins detected in all organs and tissues. Read more about the different categories of elevated expression here . Bulk Mass spectrometry (MS) data was generated, and is here summarized. The bulk MS data overlaps with the samples used for Deep Visual Proteomics ( DVP ), with additional representation of gastrointestinal tract and spleen. Tissue specificity was calculated, and is here shown as picharts and bar plot, clickable for target lists. Protein detection (intensity) is displayed at gene-summary pages for more detailed exploration of the data. Learn about the overlap between MS-based proteomics and transcriptomics here . Organ Tissue Enriched Group enriched Enhanced Total elevated Brain Cerebral cortex 1310 665 406 2381 Respiratory system Lung 167 323 115 605 Proximal digestive tract Salivary gland 210 324 105 639 Gastrointestinal tract Stomach 94 208 131 433 Intestine 482 780 392 1654 Liver & Gallbladder Liver 342 317 173 832 Pancreas Pancreas 150 187 163 500 Kidney & Urinary bladder Kidney 108 241 116 465 Breast & female reproductive system Ovary 135 330 153 618 Fallopian tube 425 448 113 986 Bone marrow & Lymphoid tissues Lymphoid tissue 810 1035 430 2275 Bone marrow 301 478 292 1071 Muscle & Vascular tissue Blood vessel 108 158 121 387 Heart muscle 162 301 250 713 Skeletal muscle 158 180 79 417 Skin Skin 94 115 126 335 The UMAP was generated by clustering genes based on expression patterns. The colored areas represent the area in the UMAP where most of the genes of each cluster reside. Click on a cluster or Go to interactive expression cluster page to view an interactive UMAP and details about all cluster annotations. The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. The clustering of 19131 genes expressed in tissues resulted in 82 expression clusters, which have been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. The result of the cluster analysis is presented as a UMAP based on gene expression, where each cluster has been summarized as colored areas containing most of the cluster genes. Go to interactive expression cluster page A description about the classification of genes into the tissue enriched and group enriched categories is found here . The red circles connected to each tissue name indicates the number of tissue enriched genes associated with that particular tissue. The orange circles indicate the number of genes with enriched expression in a group of tissues, connected by lines. An interactive network plot of the numbers of enriched and group enriched genes in all major organs and tissue types in the human body, connected to their respective enriched tissues. Click to obtain the corresponding list of genes. The various subproteomes can be explored in this interactive database including numerous catalogs of protein-coding genes with detailed information regarding expression and localization of the corresponding proteins. The Human Protein Atlas DOWNLOADABLE DATA LICENCE & CITATION